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Մասնակից:Մարի Ավետիսյան/ԱվազարկղԱ

Վիքիպեդիայից՝ ազատ հանրագիտարանից


Wan Azizah binti Wan Ismail (Jawi: وان عزيزة بنت وان إسماعيل; born 3 December 1952) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Spouse of the Prime Minister of Malaysia as the wife of Anwar Ibrahim, Member of Parliament (MP) for Bandar Tun Razak since November 2022 and 1st President of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition since July 2017. She served as the 12th Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Women, Family and Community Development in the PH administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020, 1st President of the People's Justice Party (PKR) from April 1999 to November 2018, the 11th and 13th Leader of the Opposition from March 2008 to August 2008 and again from May 2015 to May 2018, MP for Pandan from May 2018 to November 2022, for Permatang Pauh from November 1999 to March 2008 and again from May 2015 to May 2018 as well as Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kajang from April 2014 to May 2018.[1][2] She was the first female Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition as well as the highest ever female political officeholder in the history of Malaysia. She joined politics and held a number of political offices on behalf of her husband Anwar to retain his political influence during his absence from politics due to a series of his sodomy trials and prison sentences that had prevented him from holding the offices. She most notably served as the 1st President of PKR from the party formation to officially handing over the party leadership to Anwar after his release from prison while Anwar served as the "de facto" leader during the period.

Early life[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Wan Azizah was born in 1952 at KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore.[3] She has a Peranakan grandfather and was raised Malay Muslim.[4]

She received her early education in St. Nicholas Convent School, Alor Setar and continued her education at Tunku Kurshiah College[5] in Seremban. She went on to study medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland where she was awarded a gold medal in obstetrics and gynaecology[6] and she later graduated as a qualified ophthalmologist.[7]

Wan Azizah served as a government doctor for 14 years before deciding to focus on volunteering work, when her husband, Anwar Ibrahim was appointed the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia in 1993. As part of her voluntary pursuits, she became a patron of MAKNA (Majlis Kanser Nasional or National Cancer Council) in that period.[8][9]

Political career[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Party founder[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Following the dismissal and arrest of her husband on 20 September 1998, Wan Azizah became the leader of the fledgling Reformasi movement. She first led the Social Justice Movement (ADIL), a civil rights NGO, before helping to establish the Parti Keadilan Nasional on 4 April 1999. The establishment of the party saw Wan Azizah elected as the first party president, a position she was re-elected to in 2001.[10] The position made her the second woman to lead a political party in Malaysia's history; after Ganga Nayar as the founder and first president of the Malaysian Workers' Party in 1978.[11]

On 3 August 2003, Wan Azizah brought the party into a merger with the older Malaysian People's Party (or Parti Rakyat Malaysia) which saw the establishment of the People's Justice Party and was elected as the president of the newly merged party.[փա՞ստ]

Member of Parliament[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

In the first elections competed by the party in 1999, Wan Azizah led the party to win five seats in the Parliament and was herself elected as the Member of Parliament for Permatang Pauh; the seat formerly held by Anwar Ibrahim; with a majority of 9,077 votes. She successfully retained the seat in the 2004 elections, after five recounts, with a reduced majority.[12]

As a political party leader and also a parliamentary representative, Wan Azizah has spoken at UN-sponsored programs, and the local and international media. She is also the Vice-Chair of the Malaysian Parliamentary Caucus for Democracy in Myanmar and a member of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus.[13]

March 2008 general election[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Wan Azizah won her parliamentary seat of Permatang Pauh in the 12th Malaysian general election with a majority of 13,388.[14] She was supported by all the component parties of Pakatan Rakyat to lead the opposition in the lower house of parliament, House of Representatives.

With the public announcement by Anwar Ibrahim regarding his intention to return to active politics despite being legally barred from doing so,[15] Wan Azizah indicated her readiness to vacate the position of party president if he was elected.[16] Nonetheless, she has also indicated that she intends to defend her parliamentary seat for Permatang Pauh.[17] She resigned her parliamentary seat for Permatang Pauh on 31 July 2008, to make way for her husband, who won the subsequent by-election on 26 August 2008 with a large majority.[փա՞ստ]

2014 Kajang by-election[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Հիմնական հոդված՝ Kajang Move

On 9 March 2014, PKR announced Wan Azizah as its new candidate for the Kajang by-election.[18] This was following Anwar Ibrahim's sentencing to five years in prison after Malaysia's court of appeal overturned his sodomy acquittal, causing Anwar to be unable to run in the by-election.[19]

On 23 March 2014, Wan Azizah was elected as the Selangor state legislative assembly member for Kajang.[20]

2015 Permatang Pauh by-election[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Հիմնական հոդված՝ 2015 Permatang Pauh by-election

A by-election was held for the Dewan Rakyat seat of Permatang Pauh on 7 May 2015,[21] after Wan Azizah's husband Anwar Ibrahim was disqualified from holding the seat after being found guilty of sodomy in a controversial trial.[22][23] Wan Azizah contested the seat against three other candidates,[24] retaining it for PKR with a majority of 8,841 votes.[25]

2018 general election[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Հիմնական հոդված՝ 2018 Malaysian general election

On 7 January 2018, the opposition alliance Pakatan Harapan announced Mahathir Mohamad as their candidate for Prime Minister in the 2018 election, with Wan Azizah as Deputy.[26] It was announced as part of a deal for Mahathir to serve as interim if elected, seeking a pardon for Anwar and making way for him to take over.[27] Others have speculated, however, that it would be Wan Azizah who would make way for her husband.[28]

Election results[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Մալայզիայի խորհրդարան
Տարի Ընտրատարածք Թեկնածու Ձայն Տոկոս Հակառակորդ(ներ) Ձայն Տոկոս Քվեաթերթիկ Մեծամասնություն Մասնակցություն
1999 P044 Permatang Pauh, Penang Կաղապար:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (keADILan) 23,820 61.77% Կաղապար:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Ibrahim Saad (UMNO) 14,743 38.23% 39,210 9,077 78.94%
2004 Կաղապար:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 21,737 50.69% Կաղապար:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Pirdaus Ismail (UMNO) 21,147 49.31% 43,734 590 80.93%
2008 Կաղապար:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 30,338 64.16% Կաղապար:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Pirdaus Ismail (UMNO) 16,950 35.84% 47,442 13,388 81.17%
2015 Կաղապար:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 30,316 57.09% Կաղապար:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Suhaimi Sabudin (UMNO) 21,475 40.44% 53,102 8,841 74.53%
2018 P100 Pandan, Selangor rowspan=4 Կաղապար:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 64,733 75.47% Կաղապար:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Leong Kok Wee (MCA) 12,190 14.21% 85,774 52,543 84.66%
Կաղապար:Party shading/PAS | Mohamed Sukri Omar (PAS) 8,335 9.72%
Jenice Lee Ying Ha (PRM) 442 0.52%
Կաղապար:Party shading/Independent | Wan Muhd Azri Wan Deris (IND) 73 0.09%
2022 P124 Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur rowspan=2 Կաղապար:Party shading/PH | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 43,476 46.74% Kamarudin Jaffar (BERSATU) 33,659 36.18% 93,021 9,817 78.74%
Կաղապար:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Chew Yin Keen (MCA) 15,886 17.08%
Selangor State Legislative Assembly
Year Constituency Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
2014 N25 Kajang Կաղապար:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 16,741 59.57% Կաղապար:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Chew Mei Fun (MCA) 11,362 40.43% 28,314 5,379 72.09%

Honours[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Honours of Malaysia[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Wan Azizah was honoured on the occasion of the official birthday of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri (State Governor) of Penang on 12 July 2008 when she was awarded the Darjah Panglima Pangkuan Negeri (Order of the Defender of the State), a chivalric order of the second rank in the state which carries the title Dato' Seri.

See also[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

References[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

  1. ↑ «Mahathir named chairman, Anwar named de facto leader of Pakatan Harapan». Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 15 May 2018-ին. Վերցված է 15 May 2018-ին.
  2. ↑ «Malaysia PM Mahathir Mohamad appointed education minister in new cabinet». Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 17 May 2018-ին. Վերցված է 17 May 2018-ին.
  3. ↑ Habibu, Sira; Rahim, Rahimy (3 September 2014). «Party lists PKR president and deputy for Selangor MB post». The Star. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 5 September 2014-ին. Վերցված է 3 September 2014-ին.
  4. ↑ Healy, Tim; Oorjitham, Santha (30 November 2000). «Readying for Elections?». Asiaweek. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 31 May 2018-ին. Վերցված է 11 May 2018-ին.
  5. ↑ P Ramakrishnan (8 May 1999). «In Desperate Straits». Aliran.com. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 13 November 2013-ին. Վերցված է 28 March 2014-ին.
  6. ↑ Bissme S. (14 May 2017). «Wan Azizah – a pillar of strength». The Sun Daily. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 10 May 2018-ին. Վերցված է 10 May 2018-ին.
  7. ↑ Norazalina (16 July 2021). «Doktor Mata Fasih Bahasa Inggeris & Hantar Anak-Anak Ke Sekolah Kebangsaan, Kesederhanaan DS Dr Wan Azizah Cukup Menawan!». Nona (մալայերեն). Վերցված է 20 July 2021-ին.
  8. ↑ Parti Keadilan Rakyat: Datin Seri Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail Արխիվացված 26 Փետրվար 2007 Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Asiaweek : A Woman of Grace Արխիվացված 15 Հունվար 2005 Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ Parti Keadilan Rakyat: Background & History Արխիվացված 24 Փետրվար 2007 Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ Bernama Library & Infolink Service: Ganga Nayar Profile Արխիվացված 19 Մայիս 2007 Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ Malaysian General Election 2004 : Results for Permatang Pauh Արխիվացված 21 Ապրիլ 2009 Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ «ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus». Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 4 October 2007-ին. Վերցված է 2 April 2007-ին.
  14. ↑ Malaysian General Election 2008 : Results for Permatang Pauh Արխիվացված 19 Սեպտեմբեր 2009 Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ Radio Australia: MALAYSIA: Anwar Ibrahim to make political comeback Արխիվացված 20 Սեպտեմբեր 2007 Wayback Machine
  16. ↑ Daily Express: Wan Azizah agrees to make way for Anwar Արխիվացված 26 Սեպտեմբեր 2007 Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ Malaysiakini : She's ready to make way for hubby Արխիվացված 19 Մարտ 2007 Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ «Wan Azizah to replace Anwar in Kajang». 9 March 2014. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 10 March 2014-ին. Վերցված է 9 March 2014-ին.
  19. ↑ «Anwar Ibrahim sentenced to five years' prison after Malaysia's court of appeal overturns sodomy acquittal». Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 March 2014. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 9 March 2014-ին. Վերցված է 9 March 2014-ին.
  20. ↑ Eileen Ng (23 March 2014). «Barisan claims to regain Chinese support despite losing Kajang by-election». The Malaysian Insider. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 5 October 2015-ին. Վերցված է 4 October 2015-ին.
  21. ↑ «Four cornered fight in Permatang Pauh by-election». The Star. 25 April 2015. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 17 February 2020-ին.
  22. ↑ «Anwar no longer Permatang Pauh MP». The Malaysian Insider. 1 April 2015. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 18 May 2015-ին.
  23. ↑ Wan Azizah Kosongkan Kerusi Permatang Pauh Untuk Beri Laluan Kepada Anwar, Bernama
  24. ↑ «Election Commission expects Permatang Pauh by-election results by 9pm polling day». The Malaysian Insider. 25 April 2015. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 18 May 2015-ին. Վերցված է 12 January 2018-ին.
  25. ↑ «Official: PKR retains Pmtg Pauh, smaller majority». Malaysiakini. 7 May 2015. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 12 January 2018-ին.
  26. ↑ «Mahathir Mohamad: Ex-Malaysia PM, 92, to run for office». BBC News. 8 January 2018. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 11 January 2018-ին. Վերցված է 11 January 2018-ին.
  27. ↑ Kee Beng, Ooi (8 January 2018). «Commentary: Why the opposition has a shot at toppling the Barisan Nasional with Mahathir at the helm». Channel News Asia. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 13 January 2018-ին. Վերցված է 12 January 2018-ին.
  28. ↑ Kamarudin, Raja Petra (9 January 2018). «RPK asks: Is Dr Mahathir the interim PM or is Wan Azizah the interim DPM?». New Straits Times. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 12 January 2018-ին. Վերցված է 12 January 2018-ին.
  29. ↑ «CJ and Dr Wan Azizah top Penang awards list». The Star. 10 July 2008. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 13 July 2008-ին. Վերցված է 12 July 2008-ին.
  30. ↑ «Darjah Panglima Pangkuan Negeri». Penang State Government Portal. Government of the State of Penang, Malaysia. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 10 June 2011-ին. Վերցված է 12 July 2008-ին.

External links[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

Վիիքպահեստ
Վիքիքաղվածքն ունի քաղվածքների հավաքածու, որոնք վերաբերում են
Կուսակցությունից զբաղեցրած քաղաքական պաշտոններ
Նախորդող:
Position established 		President of the People's Justice Party
1999–2018 		Հաջորդող:
Anwar Ibrahim
Leader of the People's Pact
2008
Assembly seats
Նախորդող:
Anwar Ibrahim 		Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Permatang Pauh
1999–2008 		Հաջորդող:
Anwar Ibrahim
Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Permatang Pauh
2015–2018 		Հաջորդող:
Nurul Izzah Anwar
Նախորդող:
Rafizi Ramli 		Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Pandan
2018–present 		Գործող պաշտոնակատար
Քաղաքական պաշտոններ
Նախորդող:
Lim Kit Siang 		Leader of the Opposition
2008, 2015–2018 		Հաջորդող:
Anwar Ibrahim
Նախորդող:
Anwar Ibrahim 		Հաջորդող:
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
Նախորդող:
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 		Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
2018–2020 		Հաջորդող:
Ismail Sabri Yaakob

Կաղապար:Malaysia 15th FedRep Կաղապար:Deputy Prime Ministers of Malaysia Կաղապար:Leaders of the Opposition (Malaysia) Կաղապար:Seventh Mahathir cabinet Կաղապար:Pakatan Harapan

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