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Վիքիպեդիայից՝ ազատ հանրագիտարանից

Կաղապար:Short description

the American politician, տես՝ David Trimble (congressman):

Կաղապար:Use British English Կաղապար:Use dmy dates Կաղապար:Infobox officeholder

William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, Կաղապար:Post-nominals (15 October 1944 – 25 July 2022) was a Northern Irish politician who was the inaugural First Minister of Northern Ireland from 1998 to 2002, and leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) from 1995 to 2005.[1] He was also Member of Parliament (MP) for Upper Bann from 1990 to 2005 and Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Upper Bann from 1998 to 2007.

Trimble began his career teaching law at The Queen's University of Belfast in the 1970s, during which time he began to get involved with the paramilitary-linked Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party (VPUP). He was elected to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975, and joined the UUP in 1978 after the VPUP disbanded.[1] Remaining at Queen's University, he continued his academic career until being elected as the MP for Upper Bann in 1990. In 1995 he was unexpectedly elected as the leader of the UUP.[1] He was instrumental in the negotiations that led to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, and (along with John Hume) won the Nobel Peace Prize that year for his efforts. He was later elected to become the first First Minister of Northern Ireland, although his tenure was turbulent and frequently interrupted by disagreements over the timetable for Provisional Irish Republican Army decommissioning.

Trimble resigned the leadership of the UUP soon after being defeated at the 2005 general election. In June 2006, he accepted a life peerage in the House of Lords, taking the title of Baron Trimble, of Lisnagarvey in the County of Antrim.[2] He did not stand again for the Assembly, which finally reconvened in 2007, instead leaving the UUP to join the Conservative Party.[3]

Early life and education

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Trimble was born in Belfast on 15 October 1944.[4][5] He was the son of William and Ivy Trimble, lower-middle class Presbyterians who lived in Bangor, County Down.[6][7] He attended Bangor Grammar School from 1956 to 1963.[8] He then studied at Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) from 1964 to 1968, where he was awarded the McKane Medal for Jurisprudence.[8] He received a first class honours degree (the first at Queen's in three years), becoming a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B).[9][10]

Early career

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Academic career

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Trimble qualified as a barrister (British lawyer) in 1969. He began that year as a Queen's University of Belfast lecturer, subsequently becoming Assistant Dean of the law faculty from 1973 to 1975, a Senior Lecturer in 1977, and Head of the Department of Commercial and Property Law from 1981 to 1989.[8][11][12][13] He resigned from the university in 1990 when he was elected to Parliament.[8]

In 1983, as he sat in his office at the university, he heard gunshots which turned out to be those of the IRA killers of Edgar Graham, a friend and fellow law lecturer.[13] He was asked to identify the body.[13] In 1994 he was told by the Royal Ulster Constabulary that he had been targeted for assassination.[13]

Political career

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Trimble became involved with the right-wing, paramilitary-linked Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party (known as Vanguard) in the early 1970s. He ran unsuccessfully for the party in the 1973 Assembly election for North Down, coming last.[14] In 1974, he was a legal adviser to the Ulster Workers' Council during the successful UWC strike against the Sunningdale Agreement.[15]

Trimble was elected to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975 as a Vanguard member for Belfast South, and for a time he served as the party's joint deputy leader, along with the Ulster Defence Association's Glenn Barr.[16] The party had been established by Bill Craig to oppose sharing power with Irish Nationalists, and to prevent closer ties with the Republic of Ireland; however Trimble was one of those to back Craig when the party split over Craig's proposal to allow voluntary power sharing with the SDLP.[17]

Trimble joined the mainstream Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) in 1978 after Vanguard disbanded, and was elected one of the four party secretaries.[10][16] He served as Vice Chairman of the Lagan Valley Unionist Association from 1983 to 1985, and was named chairman in 1985.[11] He served as chairman of the UUP Legal Committee from 1989 to 1995 and as honorary secretary of the Ulster Unionist Council in 1990–96.[11]

Trimble was elected to Parliament with 58% of the vote in a by-election in Upper Bann in 1990.[16][18][19] He was one of the few British politicians who urged support for the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the civil war in the 1990s.[17]

Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party

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Trimble with US president Bill Clinton in Belfast, 1995

On 8 September 1995, Trimble unexpectedly won election as leader of the UUP, defeating the front-runner John Taylor and three other candidates.[12][20]

A mural in Northern Ireland supporting the Portadown Orangemen

Trimble's election as Leader came in the aftermath of his role in the Drumcree conflict, in which he led a controversial 1995 Orange Order Protestant march, amidst Nationalist protest, down the predominantly Catholic nationalist Garvaghy Road in Portadown, County Armagh.[6][12] Trimble and Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) leader Ian Paisley walked hand-in-hand as the march, banned since 1997, proceeded down the road.[21] Many Irish Catholics viewed it as insensitive, while many Protestants felt that it was a sign that Trimble was defending them.[12]

Shortly after the election, Trimble became the first UUP Leader in 30 years (since Terence O'Neill) to meet with the Taoiseach in Dublin.[12] In 1997, he became the first unionist leader since the partition of Ireland in 1921 to agree to negotiate with Sinn Féin.[22]

In the subsequent All-Party negotiations, Trimble led the UUP delegation and sat at the table with Sinn Féin, though in the eight months of the negotiations he never spoke directly to their leader, Gerry Adams.[6][11] Trimble at first opposed the appointment of former US Senator George Mitchell as the chairman of the all-party talks, but eventually accepted him.[17] The talks were successful, culminating in the Good Friday Agreement of 10 April 1998, which resulted in power-sharing with Nationalists.[10][11] Trimble was subsequently seen as instrumental in getting his party to accept the accord.[23] On 22 May 1998, voters in Northern Ireland approved the agreement, with 71 per cent in favour.[11]

Trimble was appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in the 1998 New Year Honours.[24][25]

First Minister of Northern Ireland

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Trimble in Washington, D.C., 2001

Trimble was elected on 25 June 1998 as a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly for Upper Bann.[11] He was elected First Minister of Northern Ireland on 1 July 1998.[11]

Arguments over the extent of Provisional Irish Republican Army decommissioning led to repeated disruptions during Trimble's tenure as First Minister. In particular:

  • The office of First Minister was suspended from 11 February 2000 to 30 May 2000. During this time, Trimble attempted to reassure party members who were sceptical of the post-Good Friday Agreement institutions, saying, "Unionists won the war... The Agreement gave unionism the opportunity to take control of Northern Ireland's constitutional future and to take a major stake in the government of our country... Does anyone really think Gerry Adams wanted this?".[26]
  • Trimble resigned as First Minister on 1 July 2001 due to the continuing impasse arising from the IRA's refusal of his demands that it decommission its arms, as per the commitments all parties had signed up to in section 7 pt. 3 (page 25)[27] of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement[28] but he was re-elected on 5 November 2001[17]
  • The Assembly was suspended from 14 October 2002 until 2007 due to accusations of an IRA spy ring being operated there (the so-called Stormontgate Affair), which Trimble described as ten times worse than Watergate.[29]

In 1998, Tony Blair announced a new judicial inquiry, the Bloody Sunday Inquiry, into the killing of 13 unarmed civil rights marchers in Derry in 1972. A previous investigation, the Widgery Tribunal, into the same event had been discredited. During the debate in the House of Commons, Trimble was one of few dissenting voices. He said: "I am sorry to have to say to the Prime Minister that I think that the hope expressed by the Honourable Member for Foyle Կաղապար:Interp that this will be part of the healing process is likely to be misplaced. Opening old wounds like this is likely to do more harm than good. The basic facts of the situation are known and not open to dispute."[30] Reporting in 2010, the Saville Inquiry confirmed that all of the 13 killings and 13 woundings were unjustified.[31]

Peerage

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Trimble in 2009

At the general elections of 2005, Trimble was defeated in Upper Bann by the DUP's David Simpson in his bid for re-election to Parliament in Westminster.[32] The Ulster Unionist Party retained only one seat in Parliament (out of 18 in Northern Ireland) after the 2005 general election,[32] and Trimble resigned the party leadership on 7 May 2005.[33]

On 11 April 2006, it was revealed that Trimble would take a seat in the House of Lords as a working life peer.[34] On 21 May 2006 it was announced that he had chosen the geographical designation Lisnagarvey, the original name for his adopted home town of Lisburn. Subsequently, on 2 June 2006, he was created Baron Trimble, of Lisnagarvey in the County of Antrim.[35] Eight months later, he confirmed that he would be standing down from the Northern Ireland Assembly at the next election.[36]

Trimble announced on 17 April 2007 that he had decided to join the Conservative Party in order to have greater influence in politics in the United Kingdom.[3] At the same time, however, he stated that he did not intend to campaign against the Ulster Unionist Party, and proposed the idea of a future alliance between the Conservatives and the Ulster Unionists, similar to that which had existed prior to 1974 and the fallout of the Sunningdale Agreement. This idea became reality with the formation of the electoral alliance of Ulster Conservatives and Unionists in late 2008. It was reported that if the Conservatives won the 2010 general election, Trimble would receive a "significant" ministerial role, possibly in the Cabinet.[37] In the end, however, Trimble was not offered any governmental or front bench position following the formation of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government.[38]

In May 2010, Trimble joined the Friends of Israel Initiative, a non-Jewish international project supporting Israel's right to exist. The initiative, started by former prime minister of Spain José María Aznar, also included former United States Ambassador to the United Nations John R. Bolton, British historian Andrew Roberts, and former Peruvian president Alejandro Toledo.[39] On 29 January 2013, Trimble and Aznar co-wrote an article in The Times condemning Hezbollah and calling on European governments to list it as a terrorist organisation.[40]

In 2016, Trimble supported the Leave side in the UK referendum on EU membership. He said that if he had ever had any doubts about the issue, "his eight years on the EU Select Committees in the House of Lords – which scrutinise the EU's operations – had convinced him of the need to cut ties with Brussels". He cited a study which found that economic growth in the UK reduced after the decision to enter the Common Market, and reduced further when the UK went into the Single Market.[41]

Turkel Commission of Inquiry

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Routes of Gaza-bound flotilla (green) and Israeli Navy (orange)
Մանրամասն տեղեկությունների համար դիտեք Legal assessments of the Gaza flotilla raid էջը:

On 14 June 2010, Trimble was appointed an observer to the Israeli special independent public Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid.[42][43]

The Commission investigated whether Israel's actions in preventing the arrival of ships in Gaza were in accordance with international law.[43] It focused among other things on the security considerations for imposing a naval blockade on the Gaza Strip and the conformity of the naval blockade with the rules of international law; the conformity of the actions during the raid to principles of international law; and the actions taken by those who organised and participated in the flotilla, and their identities.[43]

On the commission were former Israeli Supreme Court Justice, Jacob Turkel, and former Technion University President, Amos Horev, as well two other members added in July 2010. (Bar Ilan University Professor of International Law Shabtai Rosenne also served on the commission from its establishment until his death on 21 September 2010.[44]) In addition, the commission had two foreign observers, Trimble and former head of the Canadian military's judiciary, Judge Advocate General, Ken Watkin, who took part in hearings and discussions, but did not vote on the final conclusions.[45][46] The panel, in January 2011, concluded both Israel's naval blockade of Gaza and the interception of the flotilla "were found to be legally pursuant to the rules of international law".[47]

Personal life

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Trimble married his first wife, Heather McComb, in 1968. They did not have children, having had a stillbirth of twin sons.[48] In 1976 the couple divorced. Two years later he married a former student of his, Daphne Elizabeth (née Orr).[4] They had two sons and two daughters (Richard, Victoria, Nicholas, and Sarah).[4][7] Richard Trimble is a maths teacher and head of the sixth school at Graveney School in Tooting, South West London. Lady Trimble served as a member of the Equality Commission for Northern Ireland, and later the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission,[49] before standing unsuccessfully in the UK parliamentary election of May 2010 for the Conservatives and Unionists.[32]

His son Nicholas was active within the Ulster Unionist Party and serving on the Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council at the time of his father's death.[50] Nicholas Trimble was co-opted in 2016 to replace Alexander Redpath as a Councillor representing Downshire West on Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council.[51]

Trimble admitted in July 2019 that he was "forced" to change his position on same-sex marriage and partnerships after voting against them, because of his lesbian daughter Vicky, who married her girlfriend Rosalind Stephens in Scotland in 2017. He told peers in the House of Lords "I cannot change that, and I cannot now go around saying that I am opposed to it because I acquiesced to it. There we are."[52][53][54]

Trimble died on 25 July 2022 after a brief illness. He was 77 years old.[49][32]

Honours

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Nobel Peace Prize

In October 1998, Trimble and John Hume were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland.[55] The Nobel Institute noted:

As the leader of the traditionally predominant party in Northern Ireland, David Trimble showed great political courage when, at a critical stage of the process, he advocated solutions which led to the [Belfast (Good Friday)] peace agreement.[55]

At a ceremony in Paris on 8 December 1999, Trimble was appointed an Officier in the Légion d'Honneur by the French Government.[56]

In 2002, Trimble was awarded the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[57]

Selected works

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Books

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  • Trimble, David (2001). To Raise Up a New Northern Ireland: Articles and Speeches 1998–2000. The Belfast Press. ISBN 978-0953928712. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 25 July 2011-ին.
  • Trimble, W D (1991). The foundation of Northern Ireland. Lurgan, County Armagh: Ulster Society Publications. էջ 43. ISBN 9781872076102. OCLC 26273413.

Articles

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See also

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Notes and references

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 «David Trimble (British politician)». Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 October 1944. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 18 March 2011-ին. Վերցված է 29 June 2010-ին.
  2. ↑ Կաղապար:London Gazette
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 «Statement by the Rt. Hon. The Lord Trimble, Tuesday, 17 April 2007». Official website (Press release). David Trimble. 17 April 2007. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 3 July 2007-ին. Վերցված է 17 April 2007-ին. «Consequently I have decided to join the Conservatives.»
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Cowell, Alan (25 July 2022). «David Trimble, Peace Prize Winner in Ulster Strife, Dies at 77». The New York Times. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 25 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  5. ↑ Hui, Sylvia; Lawless, Jill (25 July 2022). «David Trimble, architect of N Ireland peace deal, dies at 77». Associated Press. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 25 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Abrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the ... Science History Publications/USA. ISBN 9780881353884. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 5 January 2016-ին. Վերցված է 29 June 2010-ին.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Newsmakers (2000). Newsmakers. Gale Research. ISBN 9780787621124. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 31 August 2021-ին. Վերցված է 28 June 2010-ին.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 «The Rt. Hon. Lord David Trimble». TMC Entertainment. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 18 July 2011-ին. Վերցված է 30 June 2010-ին.
  9. ↑ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (16 October 2008). Dod's parliamentary companion. Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Limited. ISBN 9780905702360. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 29 August 2021-ին. Վերցված է 28 June 2010-ին.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 «Obiter Dicta» (PDF). Warwick Law Society. Spring 2004. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից (PDF) 8 March 2012-ին. Վերցված է 30 June 2010-ին.
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,6 11,7 «David Trimble – Biography». Nobel Foundation. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 15 December 2010-ին. Վերցված է 29 June 2010-ին.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 «Irish leader in U.S. for talks». The Day. 2 November 1995. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 16 June 2020-ին. Վերցված է 31 March 2020-ին – via Google News.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 «New Unionist leader represents new style but old philosophy». Daytona Beach Sunday News. 2 October 1995. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 16 June 2020-ին. Վերցված է 31 March 2020-ին – via Google News.
  14. ↑ Whyte, Nicholas. «North Down 1973–1982». Northern Ireland Elections. Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 30 September 2007-ին.
  15. ↑ Plowright, John (2006). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern British History. Routledge. ISBN 9780415192439. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 31 August 2021-ին. Վերցված է 30 June 2010-ին.
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 Abrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the ... Science History Publications/USA. ISBN 9780881353884. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 31 August 2021-ին. Վերցված է 29 June 2010-ին.
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 17,3 «Lord Trimble, politician who jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in sealing the Good Friday Agreement – obituary». The Daily Telegraph. London. 25 July 2022. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 25 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  18. ↑ «Tories trounced in N. Ireland». Tuscaloosa News. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 30 August 2021-ին. Վերցված է 31 March 2020-ին.
  19. ↑ Կաղապար:London Gazette
  20. ↑ «Ulster Protestant Party Names a Hard-Liner». The New York Times. 9 September 1995. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 27 March 2012-ին. Վերցված է 29 June 2010-ին.
  21. ↑ «Drumcree Parade 1995». BBC News. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 3 June 2016-ին.
  22. ↑ Clarity, James F. (18 September 1997). «Key Ulster Protestant agrees to join talks with Sinn Fein». Tuscaloosa News. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 16 June 2020-ին. Վերցված է 31 March 2020-ին – via Google News Archive.
  23. ↑ «Key players». The Telegraph. London. 25 October 2001. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 13 November 2012-ին. Վերցված է 30 June 2010-ին.
  24. ↑ Կաղապար:London Gazette
  25. ↑ «Life Peers to Order of the Companion of Honour». BBC News. 31 December 1997. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 30 December 2010-ին. Վերցված է 28 June 2010-ին.
  26. ↑ Trimble, David (20 May 2000). «We won the war – now for the peace». Belfast News Letter.
  27. ↑ «The Agreement» (PDF). Northern Ireland Office. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից (PDF) 3 October 2011-ին. Վերցված է 3 November 2011-ին.
  28. ↑ «The long and arduous road to paramilitary decommissioning». Belfast Telegraph. 19 June 2009. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 24 June 2009-ին. Վերցված է 29 June 2010-ին.
  29. ↑ «Stormontgate: how events unfolded». The Irish Times. Dublin. 17 December 2005. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 26 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  30. ↑ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (29 January 1998). «Hansard Record of Commons Debate launching the Saville Inquiry». Hansard. UK Parliament. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 7 November 2013-ին. Վերցված է 16 June 2010-ին.{{cite web}}: CS1 սպաս․ բազմաթիվ անուններ: authors list (link)
  31. ↑ «Bloody Sunday 'unjustified and unjustifiable'». The Independent. Press Association. 15 June 2010. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 9 December 2018-ին. Վերցված է 7 December 2018-ին.
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 32,2 32,3 «Obituary: David Trimble, Northern Ireland's first first minister». BBC News. 25 July 2022. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 25 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  33. ↑ «Trimble to announce resignation». The Guardian. London. 7 May 2005. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 26 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  34. ↑ «New working life peers unveiled». BBC News. 11 April 2006. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 13 March 2007-ին. Վերցված է 18 April 2007-ին.
  35. ↑ Կաղապար:London Gazette
  36. ↑ «Trimble set to quit assembly seat». BBC News. 18 December 2006. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 28 January 2007-ին. Վերցված է 18 April 2007-ին.
  37. ↑ «Lord Trimble lined up as minister in Cameron government». The Telegraph. London. 24 July 2008. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 21 August 2008-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2008-ին.
  38. ↑ «Who's who in the coalition cabinet». The Guardian. London. 13 May 2010. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 4 March 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  39. ↑ «Aznar, Trimble to launch new pro-Israel project. 'Friends of Israel'». The Jerusalem Post. 31 May 2010. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 17 June 2010-ին. Վերցված է 14 June 2010-ին.
  40. ↑ David Trimble; Jose Maria Aznar (29 January 2013). «Don't Mince Words. Hezbollah are terrorists». The Times. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 30 January 2013-ին. Վերցված է 29 January 2013-ին.(subscription required)
  41. ↑ Sam McBride (26 March 2016). «EU isn't working on economic grounds: Trimble». The Newsletter. Johnston Publishing. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 29 March 2016-ին. Վերցված է 7 June 2016-ին.
  42. ↑ Zrahiya, Zvi (17 June 2010). «Israeli members of flotilla inquiry panel meet for first time». Haaretz. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 7 August 2020-ին. Վերցված է 17 June 2010-ին.
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 43,2 «Cabinet asked to approve independent public commission». Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 13 June 2010. Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 22 June 2010-ին. Վերցված է 17 June 2010-ին.
  44. ↑ Ravid, Barak; Oren, Amir (22 September 2010). «Turkel Committee Member Shabtai Rosenne Dies at 93». Haaretz. Haaretz Daily Newspaper. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 7 October 2010-ին. Վերցված է 5 October 2010-ին.
  45. ↑ «Gaza flotilla inquiry panel members». BBC News. 14 June 2010. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 19 August 2018-ին. Վերցված է 21 July 2018-ին.
  46. ↑ «Who's Who on Israel's Committee on the Gaza Flotilla Raid». Haaretz. Haaretz Daily Newspaper. 14 June 2010. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 17 October 2015-ին. Վերցված է 22 June 2010-ին.
  47. ↑ Weiss, Mark (24 January 2011). «Israeli inquiry clears soldiers over Gaza flotilla raid». The Irish Times. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 27 January 2011-ին. Վերցված է 24 January 2011-ին.
  48. ↑ «David Trimble obituary: A man whose willingness to change course helped pave the way for peace». The Irish Times. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 27 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 2 August 2022-ին.
  49. ↑ 49,0 49,1 Badshah, Nadeem; Swinford, Steven (25 July 2022). «Good Friday agreement architect David Trimble dies aged 77». The Times. London. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 26 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  50. ↑ «Cllr Hon. Nicholas Trimble». Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 26 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  51. ↑ Doyle, Simon (29 April 2019). «Constituency Notebook: Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council». The Irish News. Belfast. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 26 July 2022-ին. Վերցված է 25 July 2022-ին.
  52. ↑ Lester, Nick; Bell, Jonathan (11 July 2019). «Trimble reveals daughter is in a same-sex marriage». Belfast Telegraph. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 13 May 2020-ին.
  53. ↑ «Daughter of former Northern Ireland first minister Trimble reveals his happiness with same-sex marriage». Belfast Telegraph. 14 July 2019. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 16 June 2020-ին.
  54. ↑ «It was accept our relationship or lose a daughter». BBC News Northern Ireland. 16 July 2019. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 21 July 2019-ին.
  55. ↑ 55,0 55,1 «Nobel Peace Prize 1998, John Hume and David Trimble». Boes.org. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 15 October 2009-ին. Վերցված է 30 June 2010-ին.
  56. ↑ «French elevate Trimble to 'living elite' with the Legion d'honneur». The Independent. London. 9 December 1999. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 10 August 2019-ին. Վերցված է 24 March 2020-ին.
  57. ↑ «Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement». achievement.org. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 15 December 2016-ին. Վերցված է 20 April 2020-ին.

Further reading

[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]
  • Godson, Dean (2004). Himself Alone: David Trimble and the Ordeal of Unionism. HarperCollins, 0-00-257098-X
  • Kerr, Michael (2005). Transforming Unionism: David Trimble and the 2005 Election. Irish Academic Press, 0-7165-3389-8
  • MacDonald, Henry (2001). Trimble. Bloomsbury Publishing, 0-7475-5315-7
  • Millar, Frank (2004). David Trimble: The Price of Peace. Liffey Press, 1-904148-60-3
[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]

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