Մասնակից:Armine Harutyunyan1/Ավազարկղ12

Տամբորա լեռ, ակտիվ ստրատոհրաբուխ և ամենաբարձր լեռը Ինդոնեզիայի Սումբավա կղզում։

Sumbawa is flanked to the north and south by colliding oceanic crust in an active subduction zone that created the mountain. The elevation of Mount Tambora was around 4,300 metres (14,100 ft) in the 18th century,[4] making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago at that time.

After a large magma chamber inside the mountain filled, volcanic activity reached a climax with the catastrophic eruption of 10 April 1815.[5] This eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 7, the only unambiguously confirmed VEI-7 eruption since the Lake Taupo eruption in about 180 AD.[6] The ejecta volume was an estimated 160 cubic kilometres (38 cu mi), making this the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The explosion was heard on Sumatra, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) away. Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, and the Maluku Islands. The human death toll was at least 71,000, with the eruption itself killing 11,000–12,000. Starvation and disease caused most of the deaths, as the fallout ruined agricultural production in the region.[6] The often-cited death toll of 92,000 is believed to be too high.[7][8] The eruption also caused global climate anomalies, including a "volcanic winter" phenomenon. 1816 has become known as the "Year Without a Summer" because of the eruption's effect on North American and European weather. Crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, triggering the worst famine of the 19th century.[6]

During an excavation in 2004, archaeologists discovered cultural remains buried by the 1815 eruption.[9] The artefacts were preserved in their 1815 positions at the site.[10]

Ծանոթագրություններ

Արտաքին հղումներ

Վիքիպահեստ նախագծում կարող եք այս նյութի վերաբերյալ հավելյալ պատկերազարդում գտնել Տամբորա լեռMount Tambora կատեգորիայում։