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hxfh յբհբհբ[1] իհօհand has been called "a demonstration and summation of the entire movement[2]." According to Declan Kiberd, "Before Joyce, no writer of fiction had so foregrounded the process of thinking".[3]
Ulysses chronicles the peripatetic appointments and encounters of Leopold Bloom in Dublin in the course of an ordinary day, 16 June 1904.[4][5] Ulysses is the Latinised name of Odysseus, the hero of Homer's epic poem the Odyssey, and the novel establishes a series of parallels between the poem and the novel, with structural correspondences between the characters and experiences of Leopold Bloom and Odysseus, Molly Bloom and Penelope, and Stephen Dedalus and Telemachus, in addition to events and themes of the early 20th-century context of modernism, Dublin, and Ireland's relationship to Britain. The novel is highly allusive and also imitates the styles of different periods of English literature.
Since its publication, the book has attracted controversy and scrutiny, ranging from an obscenity trial in the United States in 1921, to protracted textual "Joyce Wars". The novel's stream-of-consciousness technique, careful structuring, and experimental prose—replete with puns, parodies, and allusions—as well as its rich characterisation and broad humour, have led it to be regarded as one of the greatest literary works in history; Joyce fans worldwide now celebrate 16 June as Bloomsday.
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Joyce first encountered the figure of Odysseus/Ulysses in Charles Lamb's Adventures of Ulysses, an adaptation of the Odyssey for children, which seems to have established the Latin name in Joyce's mind. At school he wrote an essay on the character, entitled "My Favourite Hero".[6][7] Joyce told Frank Budgen that he considered Ulysses the only all-round character in literature.[8] He thought about calling his short-story collection Dubliners (1914) by the name Ulysses in Dublin,[9] but the idea grew from a story written in 1906 to a "short book" in 1907,[10] to the vast novel that he began in 1914.
- ↑ Harte, Tim (Summer 2003). «Sarah Danius, The Senses of Modernism: Technology, Perception, and Aesthetics». Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature. 4 (1). Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 5 November 2003-ին. Վերցված է 10 July 2001-ին.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (օգնություն) (review of Danius book). - ↑ Beebe (1971), p. 176.
- ↑ Kiberd, Declan (16 June 2009). «Ulysses, modernism's most sociable masterpiece». The Guardian. London. Վերցված է 28 June 2011-ին.
- ↑ Keillor, Garrison, "The Writer's Almanac", 2 February 2010.
- ↑ Menand, Louis (2 July 2012). «Silence, exile, punning». The New Yorker. «16 June 2014 is the date of Joyce's first outing with his wife-to-be, Nora Barnacle; they walked to the Dublin suburb of Ringsend, where Nora masturbated him.»
- ↑ Gorman (1939), p. 45.
- ↑ Jaurretche, Colleen (2005). Beckett, Joyce and the art of the negative. European Joyce studies. Vol. 16. Rodopi. էջ 29. ISBN 978-90-420-1617-0. Վերցված է 1 February 2011-ին.
- ↑ Budgen (1972), p.
- ↑ Borach (1954), p. 325.
- ↑ Ellmann (1982), p. 265.