Մասնակից:Օֆելյա Հակոբյան/Ավազարկղ/,Կինջիկիտալե
Կինջիկիտալե, (մահացել է օգկյդվյկdied August 4, 1905) was a Tanzanian spiritual medium and a leader of the 1905–1907 Maji Maji Rebellion against colonial rule in German East Africa (present day Tanzania).
Կենսագրություն[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]
յֆվհվհվհվյհ[1][2]: Kinjikitile claimed to have communicated with the deity Bokera through the spirit Hongo.[1] He encouraged his followers to overlook tribal differences and unite against the Germans.[3] Kinjitkile's reputation grew rapidly, drawing followers from the 100,000 square kilometers the territory encompassed.[4] He told his followers that their ancestors had commanded him to lead a rebellion against the German colonial empire.[1] This helped start the Maji Maji Rebellion.[1] Kinjikitile gave his people 'holy water' (սվահիլի՝ maji) to protect them from German bullets.[1][2] After a group of Matumbi people attacked the home of a local official in July, 1905, Kinjikitile was arrested by German troops.[5]
He was hanged for treason on August 4, 1905.[3][5] His brother continued Kinjikitile's work and the rebellion continued until 1907, with over 100,000[6] or 200-300,000 Africans killed in the German suppression of the revolt.[4] Present-day Tanzanians consider the failed rebellion to have been the first stirring of nationalism, and Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale a proto-national hero.[3]
Legacy in literature[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]
Tanzanian playwright Ebrahim Hussein wrote a popular play in Swahili language called Kinjeketile, based on the Maji Maji Rebellion.[7]
Ծանոթագրություններ[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. էջ 480. ISBN 1-57607-355-6.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 «The Story of Africa - Religious Resistance». BBC World Service. Վերցված է 2008-03-24-ին.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2000). Africa and the West. Nova Publishers. էջ 70. ISBN 1-56072-840-X.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Worlds together, worlds apart (3 ed.). W. W. Norton & Co. 2011. էջ 669. ISBN 978-0-393-93492-2.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Roupp, Heidi (1997). Teaching World History: A Resource Book. M.E. Sharpe. էջ 229. ISBN 1-56324-420-9.
- ↑ Boahen, A. Adu (1990). Africa Under Colonial Domination, 1880-1935. James Currey Publishers. էջ 80. ISBN 0-85255-097-9.
- ↑ Ricard, Alain (1992). «Ebrahim's Predicament». Research in African Literatures. 23 (1): 175–178. ISSN 0034-5210. JSTOR 3819960.
Further reading[խմբագրել | խմբագրել կոդը]
- Petraitis, Richard. «Bullets into Water: The Sorcerers of Africa». REALL. Վերցված է 2008-03-09-ին.
- Iliffe, John (1979). Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge University Press. էջեր 168–172. ISBN 0-521-29611-0.